寫(xiě)驚蟄的詩(shī)不少,但元稹的這首五言詩(shī)簡(jiǎn)潔明快,特色鮮明。名詞和動(dòng)詞的結(jié)合產(chǎn)生的效果生動(dòng)形象、展現(xiàn)了驚蟄前后大自然和人間的變化。原詩(shī)中用到的名詞有氣、光、花、鳩、時(shí)、芽、事、田等,動(dòng)詞有驚、開(kāi)、化、爭(zhēng)、修、務(wù)、滿(mǎn)等。英譯時(shí)把握住名詞和動(dòng)詞,就把握住了原詩(shī)的要旨。關(guān)于韻腳,鑒于文本的長(zhǎng)短不一,我以為漢語(yǔ)可以隔行押韻,而英語(yǔ)隔行的押韻的效果就不如每行押韻。因此,譯文的韻腳采用了AA,BB,CC,DD的格式。王佐良先生說(shuō)過(guò),成功的翻譯是直譯和意譯的結(jié)合。在盡可能直譯的前提下,考慮到達(dá)意和韻律,譯者添加了一些原文中沒(méi)有的成分,比如第4行at all hours, 第8行a cheerful mood等。此外,把“生事”譯為“clothing and food”,是一種具化的策略。
Many poems about Jingzhe were composed. This five-character poem of Yuan Zhen’s is concise and lively, with distinctive features. The effect of the combination of nouns and verbs is vivid, showing the changes of nature and people’s life before and after Jingzhe. The nouns used in the original poem include qi, light, flower, dove, time, bud, thing and field, etc. The verbs are surprise, open, transform, repair, compete, do and fill. Translating these nouns and verbs effectively would reflect the gist of the original poem. In terms of rhyming, given the length of the text, I believe in Chinese, alternate rhyme is effective, while in English, I’d rather choose couplet rhyme scheme. Therefore, the format of AA, BB, CC, DD is adopted in the translation. Professor Wang Zuoliang suggests that in any successful translation a combination of both literal and free translation strategies could be identified. On the premise of translating literally as much as possible, the translator adds some elements that are not found in the original text, such as “at all hours” in line 4, and “a cheerful mood” in line 8. In addition, translating the general word “Shengshi (issues of living)” into“clothing and food” is a strategy of specification.