美國研究人員在英國《自然·通訊》期刊8日刊載的論文中說,美國研究員成功把一名失語癱瘓者的腦電波轉化成句子,在電腦屏幕上顯現(xiàn)出來,得以“說出”上千個單詞。
這一全球首創(chuàng)之舉,能幫助喪失說話能力者與外界溝通。
A paralyzed man who cannot speak or type was able to spell out over 1,000 words using a neuroprosthetic device that translates his brain waves into full sentences, US researchers said Tuesday.

圖源:加利福尼亞大學
加利福尼亞大學舊金山分校研究人員介紹,這名癱瘓者現(xiàn)在年過三旬,十幾年前因中風癱瘓、失語,四肢幾乎不能動,后來靠別在棒球帽上的細長桿點擊屏幕上的字母與人交流。
In his late 30s, the man suffered a stroke when he was 20 that left him with anarthria – the inability to speak intelligibly, though his cognitive function remained intact.
2019年,研究人員使用腦機接口技術,經由手術在他大腦表面語言運動皮層植入一個高密度電極,外接神經假體儀器,通過端口監(jiān)測他在試圖表達不同單詞或字母時產生的不同腦電波模式。

圖源:加利福尼亞大學
In 2019, the researchers surgically implanted a high-density electrode on the surface of his brain, over the speech motor cortex.
Via a port embedded in his skull, they have since been able to monitor the different electrical patterns produced when he tries to say varying words or letters.
去年,研究人員借助高級計算機算法,建立語言模型,為他初步建成一個包含50個常用詞的詞庫。當他腦海中使用這些詞“說話”時,神經假體儀器可以將相關腦電波運動實時、直接轉化為完整的句子,顯示在屏幕上。
隨后幾個月,該團隊在他試圖說出50個單詞時記錄了他的神經活動,并使用人工智能來區(qū)分數(shù)據(jù)中的微妙模式,再將它們與單詞聯(lián)系起來。
研究員通過屏幕提問“你想要一些水嗎?”等句子,他會回答“不,我不渴”等句子。
研究將詞庫擴展到1150多個單詞,涵蓋人們“自然交流中使用的英語句子的85%以上內容”。
該系統(tǒng)拼寫速度達到了每分鐘29.4個字符,字符錯誤率僅為6.13%。而離線模擬的結果表明,該方法可以推廣到包含超過9000個單詞的大型詞匯表,同時仍然保持較低的字符錯誤率(8.23%)。研究成果于2022年11月8日發(fā)表在《自然·通訊》(Nature Communications)上。
The researchers were able to decode more than 1,150 words, which represent "over 85 percent of the content in natural English sentences", the study said.
They simulated that this vocabulary could be extended to more than 9,000 words. The device decoded around 29 characters a minute, with an error rate of 6 percent.
論文第一作者肖恩·梅茨格說,那名癱瘓者“因為能夠與我們便捷交流,著實喜歡使用這個儀器”。他最喜歡“說”的話語之一是“一切皆有可能”。
"Anything is possible," was one of the man's favorite phrases to spell out, said the first author of a new study on the research, Sean Metzger of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF).
據(jù)法新社報道,這項研究還需招募更多失語癱瘓者參與測試,距離推廣尚需時日。有專家提醒,這項研究結果雖然“令人印象非常深刻”,但高密度電極植入手術“有風險”。
編輯:陳月華
參考來源:新華社 每日郵報 BigThink Scimex NatureAsia




