徐光啟的富有與清貧
文/黃清寶
徐光啟者，松江人也。少負(fù)奇才，通曉天文歷算，尤精西學(xué)。時(shí)人謂之"開(kāi)眼看世界第一人"，其生平事跡，足為后世法。
其一曰開(kāi)放創(chuàng)新。光啟生當(dāng)明季，海禁未開(kāi)，而獨(dú)與利瑪竇諸西洋教士交游。不囿于成見(jiàn)，不憚?dòng)诹魉?，虛心求教，晝夜研?xí)。嘗譯《幾何原本》，創(chuàng)制新歷，修《崇禎歷書》。又著《農(nóng)政全書》，采泰西水法，引番薯諸物，活民無(wú)數(shù)。其胸懷之廣，見(jiàn)識(shí)之遠(yuǎn)，實(shí)開(kāi)三百年未有之變局。
其二曰科學(xué)理性。光啟治學(xué)，務(wù)求實(shí)證。觀其疏治蝗災(zāi)，不尚空談，親歷田畝，察其滋生之由。論火炮之用，必究其理；說(shuō)農(nóng)耕之術(shù)，必驗(yàn)其實(shí)。每遇疑難，必反復(fù)推求，不以臆斷。嘗言："欲求超勝，必須會(huì)通；會(huì)通之前，先須翻譯。"其言諄諄，其行篤篤，真乃格物致知之典范。
其三曰求真務(wù)實(shí)。光啟仕宦數(shù)十年，不慕虛名。修歷法則必準(zhǔn)天象，治水患則必察地形。任禮部侍郎時(shí)，疏請(qǐng)廣開(kāi)言路，曰："天下事當(dāng)與天下人共之。"晚年雖居高位，猶自課農(nóng)桑，驗(yàn)天象，孜孜不倦。臨終前猶手校歷書，可謂鞠躬盡瘁。
其四曰清貧廉潔。光啟位至宰輔，而家無(wú)余財(cái)。居官數(shù)十載，田宅不增一畝一椽。俸祿所入，多用以刻書濟(jì)貧。嘗冬日見(jiàn)貧民衣不蔽體，即解裘相贈(zèng)。卒之日，囊橐蕭然，僅遺舊書數(shù)篋。士林聞之，無(wú)不嘆服。
太史公曰：徐子之學(xué)，貫通中西；徐子之德，光耀古今。當(dāng)末世浮華之際，獨(dú)守清貧；處昏聵閉塞之時(shí)，力倡新學(xué)。其開(kāi)放之胸襟，求真之精神，廉潔之操守，實(shí)為士林圭臬。后之視今，亦猶今之視昔，安得復(fù)見(jiàn)如此通儒哉！
2025/8/30
????作家簡(jiǎn)介????
黃清寶，1939年出生，中共黨員，籍貫江蘇江陰市。現(xiàn)居上海市?！吨袊?guó)詩(shī)人作家網(wǎng)》會(huì)員檔案庫(kù)認(rèn)證委員，《中國(guó)詩(shī)人作家網(wǎng)》認(rèn)證詩(shī)人、簽約詩(shī)人，《一枝紅蓮文學(xué)詩(shī)社》簽約作家詩(shī)人，《世界作家瀾韻府詩(shī)社》簽約作家詩(shī)人，《中國(guó)詩(shī)人作家網(wǎng)》主編。曾創(chuàng)作散文、小說(shuō)及詩(shī)詞千余篇，發(fā)表于《中國(guó)詩(shī)人作家網(wǎng)》等網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)及報(bào)刊。榮獲首屆《鳳雛生》國(guó)際詩(shī)歌大賽優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)，五大院士簽約詩(shī)人卓越文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，《金詩(shī)星光杯》實(shí)力文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以及《中國(guó)詩(shī)人作家網(wǎng)》主編卓越獎(jiǎng)，世界詩(shī)歌作協(xié).中國(guó)詩(shī)人作文學(xué)領(lǐng)軍人物最高榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)。現(xiàn)為中國(guó)詩(shī)人作家網(wǎng)執(zhí)行總編。
????Writer's Profile????
Huang Qingbao, born in 1939, is a member of the Communist Party of China. His native place is Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, and he now resides in Shanghai City. He is a certification committee member of the Member Archive Database of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network, a certified poet and contracted poet of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network, a contracted writer and poet of the Red Lotus Literary Poetry Society, a contracted writer and poet of the World Writers' Lanyunfu Poetry Society, and the chief editor of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network. He has created more than a thousand pieces of prose, novels, and poems, which have been published on online platforms and newspapers and periodicals such as the Chinese Poets and Writers Network. He has won the Excellence Award of the First Feng Chusheng International Poetry Competition, the Outstanding Literature Award for Poets Contracted by the Five Academicians, the Strength Literature Award of the Golden Poetry Starlight Cup, the Chief Editor's Excellence Award of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network, and the Highest Honor Award for Leading Figures in Literature by the World Poetry Association · Chinese Poets and Writers. Currently, he is the executive chief editor of the Chinese Poets and Writers Network.
